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Genel Akdeniz ve Karadeniz'e Verilen Renk İsimlerinin Hikayesi 05 Şubat 2019 22:06
Türkler, çağlar boyu atlı göçebe yaşamış bir toplum olarak tabiatla iç içeydi. Bozkır kültürü bu nedenle özellikle de göçebe dönem için oldukça büyük önem taşır. Yaşam biçimleri, gelenek – görenekler, kullanılan alet – edevatlar gibi unsurlar da doğayı yorumlama tarzını şekillendiren başlıca unsurlar olur. Üç tarafı denizle çevrili olan Türkiye denizlerinin, özellikle Akdeniz ve Karadeniz’in bu isimleri alma hikayesini paylaşacağız.
Bu isimlendirme ne işe yaramış, Çinlilerle benzer yanı ne, daha eskiden buralara hangi adlar veriliyordu? İşte Akdeniz ve Karadeniz’in isimlerinin hikayesi! Tıpkı her bölgeye, şehre, semte verilen isimlerin gerçek bir öyküyü, yaşantıyı karşılaması gibi denizlerimizin de isimlerinin böyle olmasının bir anlamı var Eski Türklerde kara, ak, kızıl gibi çeşitli renkler, yönleri karşılamak ve tanımlamak için kullanılırdı.Buna göre kuzey için ‘’kara’’, doğu için ‘’gök – gök mavisi’’, güney için ‘’kızıl’’ ve batı için de ‘’ak’’ renkleri tercih edilirdi. Yönler için kullanılan bu renkler, gerçek bir renk anlamı taşımaktan çok o bölgedeki bir coğrafî özellikle ya da çeşitli inanışlarla ilişkilendirilirdi. Kara; bir yandan da kapalı hava, sonbahar, güneşsiz ve gölgeli gibi çağrışımlar yaparken, ak ise güneyle de birleştirirsek ateşin rengini, güneşi ve sıcaklığı akla getirir Ayrıca çeşitli mitolojik ögelerin de bu renklerle ilişkilendirildiği Dede Korkut gibi eski Türk eserlerinde görülebilir Buradan hareketle Akkoyunlular, Karakoyunlular, Göktürkler, Ak Hunlar ve Karahanlılar gibi Türk devletlerinin de isimlerindeki renklerin yönlerle ilişkisi olduğu söylenebilir
Osmanlı devrinde de Karadeniz’e ‘’bahr-i siyah’’, Akdeniz’e ‘’bahr-i sefid’’ denildiği bilinir
Eski zamanlarda Türklerle komşu olan Çinlilerin de geleneksel yön ve renk sistemlerini anlatır ve Türklerin sistemiyle örtüşür. Çin’de de batı ‘’beyaz kaplan’’, doğu ‘’Azure ejderhası’’, güney ‘’Vermilion kuşu’’ ve kuzey ‘’siyah kaplumbağa’’ sembolleriyle ilişkilendirilir. Biraz daha geriye gidersek Eski Perslerde de Karadeniz ‘’koyu renkli’’ anlamına gelen ‘’Axsaina’’ adıyla nitelenir. Ezcümle, Türkler Çin’e ve kendisinden önceki medeniyetlere benzer olarak bu denizleri isimlendirirken renkleri kullanırlar ve bu renklerse denizle ilgili olmaktan çok yön ve çeşitli inanışları belirtmeye yarar.